{"id":753083,"date":"2024-10-03T15:28:36","date_gmt":"2024-10-03T13:28:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.usedbottlinglines.com\/machines\/linea-de-embotellado-de-segunda-mano-bertolaso-para-vino-tranquilo\/"},"modified":"2025-07-22T11:20:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T09:20:13","slug":"linea-de-embotellado-de-segunda-mano-bertolaso-para-vino-tranquilo-lc505","status":"publish","type":"machines","link":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/maquinas\/linea-de-embotellado-de-segunda-mano-bertolaso-para-vino-tranquilo-lc505\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ednea de embotellado de segunda mano BERTOLASO para vino tranquilo"},"author":32,"featured_media":0,"template":"","format":[1117,1052,1140,1055],"container":[1063],"machine_types":[7321],"manufacturer":[14278,14279,1761,5580,2958,1786,1816,1852,2224,10341,14280],"type_of_product":[1042,1050],"class_list":["post-753083","machines","type-machines","status-publish","hentry","container-vidrio","format-0-25-l-es","format-0-5-l-es-2","format-0-75-l-es","format-1-5-l-es-2","machine_types-lineas-completas","manufacturer-abac-es","manufacturer-almig-es","manufacturer-bertolaso-es","manufacturer-bortolin-es","manufacturer-bortolin-kemo-es","manufacturer-brb-globus-es","manufacturer-cosmapack-es","manufacturer-enos-es","manufacturer-p-e-labellers-es","manufacturer-siem-es","manufacturer-sistema-soco","type_of_product-alcohol-es","type_of_product-vino-tranquilo"],"acf":{"refno":"LC505","year":"","speed":"4000","condition":{"value":"2","label":"Almac\u00e9n"},"machine":[{"machine_type":{"term_id":1209,"name":"Compressor","slug":"used-compressor","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1209,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>compressor<\/strong> is a machine that generates force by compressing gas or vapor, producing <strong>compressed air<\/strong> for industrial applications. The compressor increases aeriform body pressure through a mechanical procedure, delivering air at pressures necessary for multiple purposes across bottling and manufacturing operations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Compressed air<\/strong> is atmospheric air reduced in volume and stored in pressure-resistant tanks or used immediately. As the <strong>fourth form of energy<\/strong> used in industry, compressed air offers unique characteristics: unlike gas, water, and electricity supplied by external companies, it is generated on-site directly by the user, with quality and production costs depending entirely on internal systems.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>How Compressors Work<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>air compressor operating principle<\/strong> involves several key components:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Motor<\/strong> \u2014 drives the compression mechanism<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Air inlet valve<\/strong> \u2014 allows atmospheric air entry<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Air outlet valve<\/strong> \u2014 releases compressed air<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Storage tank<\/strong> \u2014 holds compressed air for use<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Air is sucked into the machine, compressed by internal components according to the specific technology, and pushed into the tank. When <strong>maximum pressure<\/strong> is reached, the cycle completes and the compressor stops, restarting when pressure drops below a predefined threshold.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressor Selection Criteria<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Choosing the correct compressor requires evaluating several parameters:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Flow Rate<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Flow rate<\/strong> indicates the air volume the compressor delivers to power multiple devices simultaneously. This value is expressed in:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Liters per second<\/strong> (l\/s)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cubic meters per hour<\/strong> (m\u00b3\/h)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Normal cubic meters per hour<\/strong> (Nm\u00b3\/h) \u2014 standardized reference conditions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>normal cubic meter<\/strong> (Nm\u00b3) refers to dry air at <strong>0\u00b0C<\/strong> (273 K), barometric pressure of <strong>101,325 Pa<\/strong> (1.01325 bar), at sea level altitude. This convention allows universal comparison between different systems. Normal flow rate must be converted to <em>effective flow rate<\/em> based on actual operating conditions before selecting equipment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Recommended practice: select a compressor offering approximately <strong>30% safety margin<\/strong> above estimated requirements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Pressure<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Operating pressure<\/strong> depends on the industrial equipment or pneumatic circuit being powered, expressed in <strong>bar<\/strong> or <strong>pascal<\/strong> (Pa):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Single-stage compressors<\/strong> \u2014 maximum <strong>10 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Multistage compressors<\/strong> \u2014 up to <strong>400 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Power and Storage<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Compressor <strong>power<\/strong> depends on desired air flow and outlet pressure. The <strong>compressed air reservoir<\/strong> must be correctly sized to avoid constant engine stress, allowing the motor to start according to demand without continuous operation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Compressors<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Two main categories exist: <strong>volumetric (positive displacement)<\/strong> compressors and <strong>centrifugal (dynamic)<\/strong> compressors. Most industrial compressors are volumetric machines achieving compression by reducing air volume.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Piston Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Piston compressors<\/strong> offer economical solutions for non-continuous use:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Maximum Pressure<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Duty Cycle<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Single-cylinder<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">10 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">60% max (35 min\/hour)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Multistage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 400 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">60% max (35 min\/hour)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Considerations for piston compressors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Generally the <strong>most economical<\/strong> option among compressor types<\/li>\r\n    <li>May expel some oil with compressed air \u2014 <strong>filtration systems<\/strong> required for clean air applications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Relatively noisy<\/strong> operation may affect nearby workers<\/li>\r\n    <li>Best suited for <em>intermittent use<\/em> rather than continuous operation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Screw Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Screw compressors<\/strong> use helical screws instead of pistons and represent the most common model in industrial applications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Pressure Range<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Duty Cycle<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Single-stage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 5 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">100% (continuous)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Multistage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 13 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">100% (continuous)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Key advantages of screw compressors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Considerable flow rate<\/strong> and high compression ratio even in single-stage configuration<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>100% duty cycle<\/strong> \u2014 capable of continuous operation<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Variable speed models<\/strong> (with inverters) adapt rotation speed to demand, optimizing energy consumption<\/li>\r\n    <li>More compact than equivalent-performance piston models<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Vane Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Vane compressors<\/strong> use sliding foils in an eccentric rotor to achieve compression. Characteristics include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Good energy efficiency<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower rotation speed<\/strong> than screw compressors at equivalent pressure and flow<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Reduced component wear<\/strong> and maintenance requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li>Common in <strong>printing<\/strong>, <strong>wood processing<\/strong>, and <strong>packaging<\/strong> industries<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Oil-free models<\/strong> available for energy and medical sectors<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Centrifugal (Dynamic) Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Centrifugal compressors<\/strong> draw air through paddle wheel movement, similar to automotive turbochargers. These machines serve applications requiring <strong>high flow rates<\/strong> and <strong>sustained pressure<\/strong> without interruption:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Flow rates up to <strong>500,000 m\u00b3\/h<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Pressures up to <strong>200 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Integrated reducer for optimal engine speed regulation<\/li>\r\n    <li>Primary use in <strong>energy sector<\/strong> and <strong>chemical industry<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Oil-Free Compressors<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Oil-free compressors<\/strong> compress air without oil in the compression chamber, eliminating contamination risk and special filtration requirements. These models provide clean air essential for:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottling operations<\/strong> \u2014 product safety and quality<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Electronics industry<\/strong> \u2014 semiconductor production<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Pharmaceutical and chemical industries<\/strong> \u2014 contamination-free processes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Medical sector<\/strong> \u2014 sterile air requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Food processing<\/strong> \u2014 hygiene compliance<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automotive assembly<\/strong> \u2014 finishing operations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Oil-free compressors must satisfy <strong>ISO 8573-1 Class 0<\/strong> standard, guaranteeing total absence of oil. Higher classes define maximum permissible oil quantities, requiring additional <strong>air dryers<\/strong> for proper air quality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Cooling Systems<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Air-Cooled Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Air-cooled compressors<\/strong> use forced ventilation containing approximately <strong>100% of consumed motor energy<\/strong> as heat within the compressor unit. These systems are widely available and simpler to install.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Water-Cooled Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Water-cooled compressors<\/strong> place modest demands on room ventilation, as cooling water absorbs approximately <strong>90% of motor energy<\/strong> as heat. Better cooling in intercoolers and aftercoolers increases efficiency and water vapor condensation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Three water cooling configurations exist:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">System Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Description<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Considerations<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Open without circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">External water source (municipal, lake, river, well); discharged as wastewater<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cheap installation; high operating costs; filtration required for natural sources<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Open with circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cooling tower; water cooled to 2\u00b0C below ambient by evaporation<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Limited water availability; requires chemical treatment; freeze protection needed<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Closed with circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">External heat exchanger (plate or radiator with fans); same water circulates continuously<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Low maintenance; requires antifreeze (glycol); limited supervision needed<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Air Treatment Equipment<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Dryers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Atmospheric air contains water vapor that increases during compression heating. As compressed air expands and cools, saturated vapor transforms into <strong>condensate<\/strong> requiring separation. <strong>Dryers<\/strong> eliminate remaining water vapor that would compromise equipment function.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Refrigeration dryers<\/strong> exploit the relationship between temperature reduction and humidity condensation. Efficiency is expressed as <strong>Pressure Dew Point (PDP)<\/strong> \u2014 the condensation temperature at pressure above atmospheric. Limitation: cannot operate below <strong>0\u00b0C PDP<\/strong> (condensate would freeze).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Adsorption dryers<\/strong> use hygroscopic materials to absorb moisture, achieving dew points down to <strong>-70\u00b0C<\/strong>. Essential for:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>External piping installations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Environments below refrigeration dryer dew point<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Food and pharmaceutical<\/strong> critical applications<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Filtration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Atmospheric air entering compressors contains fine dust and impurities, plus oil particles from lubrication systems and water aerosols. <strong>Air purity classes<\/strong> are defined by <strong>ISO 8573-1:2010<\/strong>, specifying maximum contaminant content for each class.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Filter systems typically combine multiple elements:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Particle filters<\/strong> \u2014 remove solid contaminants<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>De-oiling filters<\/strong> \u2014 eliminate oil mists<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Coalescing filters<\/strong> \u2014 capture water and oil aerosols<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Activated carbon filters<\/strong> \u2014 remove vapors and odors<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sterile filters<\/strong> \u2014 eliminate microorganisms for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Condensate Drains<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Condensate<\/strong> contains emulsified oil particles, dust, and impurities requiring drainage from collection points. Three drain types exist:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Float drains<\/strong> \u2014 valve opens when liquid exceeds threshold, closes before air escapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Electronic drains<\/strong> \u2014 valve controlled by electronic level sensor<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Timed drains<\/strong> \u2014 solenoid valve opens at preset intervals with adjustable timing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Environmental note:<\/em> Condensate discharge into sewers risks significant fines. As a compressed air waste product, condensate contains hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, copper, lead, iron, and other harmful substances.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressed Air Storage<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Compressed air tanks<\/strong> are typically constructed from carbon steel with external epoxy powder coating for corrosion resistance. Available in <strong>vertical<\/strong> (most common) or <strong>horizontal<\/strong> configurations, tanks must be sized according to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Compressor capacity<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Regulation system<\/strong> requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Expected consumption<\/strong> including peak demands<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Tanks maintain constant system pressure, compensating for consumption peaks exceeding compressor capacity. Installation should be near the compressor in a cool environment, allowing access to <strong>condensate drain<\/strong> and <strong>safety valve<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Safety Valves<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Safety valves<\/strong> prevent maximum permissible pressure from being exceeded, functioning even if upstream safety devices fail. Types include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Free exhaust<\/strong> \u2014 direct pressure release<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Conveyed exhaust<\/strong> \u2014 connectable to discharge piping<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>High-pressure specific<\/strong> \u2014 designed for elevated pressure systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Key sizing parameters: <strong>calibration pressure<\/strong> (opening threshold), <strong>discharge flow rate<\/strong>, and <strong>operating temperature<\/strong>. Conformity declaration accompanies all safety valves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressor Room Requirements<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>compressor room<\/strong> houses most compressed air network components and must meet specific requirements for optimal performance. Centralized installation is generally preferable, ensuring:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Better <strong>operating economy<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Improved <strong>network design<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Easier <strong>use and maintenance<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Protection against <strong>unauthorized access<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Proper <strong>noise control<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Controlled <strong>ventilation<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Installation Considerations<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Essential compressor room specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Floor space<\/strong> \u2014 sufficient for current equipment plus future expansion<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Clear height<\/strong> \u2014 adequate for lifting electric motors or heavy components<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Floor drain<\/strong> \u2014 condensate management from compressor, aftercooler, reservoir, dryers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Load-bearing capacity<\/strong> \u2014 level floor supporting equipment weight<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lifting equipment<\/strong> \u2014 crane or forklift access for heavy components<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Anti-vibration<\/strong> \u2014 pads for centrifugal compressors transmitting vibrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ventilation Requirements<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>All compressor room units produce heat requiring extraction through ventilation:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Air-cooled compressors<\/strong> \u2014 nearly 100% of motor energy appears as heat in ventilation air<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Water-cooled compressors<\/strong> \u2014 approximately 10% of motor energy in ventilation air<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Ventilation specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Air intake from outside, preferably without long ducts<\/li>\r\n    <li>Suction opening positioned low but protected from snow<\/li>\r\n    <li>Ventilation fans high on end wall, air inlet on opposite wall<\/li>\r\n    <li>Air velocity at inlet opening maximum <strong>4 m\/s<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Protection against explosive, corrosive dust and substances<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Heat recovery<\/strong> represents an efficient alternative to simple extraction, utilizing waste energy for facility heating.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Outdoor Installation<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>When indoor facilities are unavailable, compressors may be installed outdoors under canopy, addressing:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Freeze risk<\/strong> \u2014 condensate pockets and drains<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Weather protection<\/strong> \u2014 rain and snow at air inlet and ventilation openings<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Solid base<\/strong> \u2014 asphalt, concrete slab, or leveled cobblestone<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Contamination risk<\/strong> \u2014 dust, flammable, or aggressive substances<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Security<\/strong> \u2014 protection against unauthorized access<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":24,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":14278,"name":"Abac","slug":"abac-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":14278,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},"model":"VT 1510","year":{"value":"1999","label":"1999"},"notes":"10 bar  ","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":1209,"name":"Compressor","slug":"used-compressor","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1209,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>compressor<\/strong> is a machine that generates force by compressing gas or vapor, producing <strong>compressed air<\/strong> for industrial applications. The compressor increases aeriform body pressure through a mechanical procedure, delivering air at pressures necessary for multiple purposes across bottling and manufacturing operations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Compressed air<\/strong> is atmospheric air reduced in volume and stored in pressure-resistant tanks or used immediately. As the <strong>fourth form of energy<\/strong> used in industry, compressed air offers unique characteristics: unlike gas, water, and electricity supplied by external companies, it is generated on-site directly by the user, with quality and production costs depending entirely on internal systems.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>How Compressors Work<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>air compressor operating principle<\/strong> involves several key components:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Motor<\/strong> \u2014 drives the compression mechanism<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Air inlet valve<\/strong> \u2014 allows atmospheric air entry<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Air outlet valve<\/strong> \u2014 releases compressed air<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Storage tank<\/strong> \u2014 holds compressed air for use<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Air is sucked into the machine, compressed by internal components according to the specific technology, and pushed into the tank. When <strong>maximum pressure<\/strong> is reached, the cycle completes and the compressor stops, restarting when pressure drops below a predefined threshold.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressor Selection Criteria<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Choosing the correct compressor requires evaluating several parameters:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Flow Rate<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Flow rate<\/strong> indicates the air volume the compressor delivers to power multiple devices simultaneously. This value is expressed in:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Liters per second<\/strong> (l\/s)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cubic meters per hour<\/strong> (m\u00b3\/h)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Normal cubic meters per hour<\/strong> (Nm\u00b3\/h) \u2014 standardized reference conditions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>normal cubic meter<\/strong> (Nm\u00b3) refers to dry air at <strong>0\u00b0C<\/strong> (273 K), barometric pressure of <strong>101,325 Pa<\/strong> (1.01325 bar), at sea level altitude. This convention allows universal comparison between different systems. Normal flow rate must be converted to <em>effective flow rate<\/em> based on actual operating conditions before selecting equipment.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Recommended practice: select a compressor offering approximately <strong>30% safety margin<\/strong> above estimated requirements.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Pressure<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Operating pressure<\/strong> depends on the industrial equipment or pneumatic circuit being powered, expressed in <strong>bar<\/strong> or <strong>pascal<\/strong> (Pa):<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Single-stage compressors<\/strong> \u2014 maximum <strong>10 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Multistage compressors<\/strong> \u2014 up to <strong>400 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Power and Storage<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Compressor <strong>power<\/strong> depends on desired air flow and outlet pressure. The <strong>compressed air reservoir<\/strong> must be correctly sized to avoid constant engine stress, allowing the motor to start according to demand without continuous operation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Compressors<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Two main categories exist: <strong>volumetric (positive displacement)<\/strong> compressors and <strong>centrifugal (dynamic)<\/strong> compressors. Most industrial compressors are volumetric machines achieving compression by reducing air volume.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Piston Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Piston compressors<\/strong> offer economical solutions for non-continuous use:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Maximum Pressure<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Duty Cycle<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Single-cylinder<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">10 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">60% max (35 min\/hour)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Multistage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 400 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">60% max (35 min\/hour)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Considerations for piston compressors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Generally the <strong>most economical<\/strong> option among compressor types<\/li>\r\n    <li>May expel some oil with compressed air \u2014 <strong>filtration systems<\/strong> required for clean air applications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Relatively noisy<\/strong> operation may affect nearby workers<\/li>\r\n    <li>Best suited for <em>intermittent use<\/em> rather than continuous operation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Screw Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Screw compressors<\/strong> use helical screws instead of pistons and represent the most common model in industrial applications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Pressure Range<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Duty Cycle<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Single-stage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 5 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">100% (continuous)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Multistage<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 13 bar<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">100% (continuous)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Key advantages of screw compressors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Considerable flow rate<\/strong> and high compression ratio even in single-stage configuration<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>100% duty cycle<\/strong> \u2014 capable of continuous operation<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Variable speed models<\/strong> (with inverters) adapt rotation speed to demand, optimizing energy consumption<\/li>\r\n    <li>More compact than equivalent-performance piston models<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Vane Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Vane compressors<\/strong> use sliding foils in an eccentric rotor to achieve compression. Characteristics include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Good energy efficiency<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower rotation speed<\/strong> than screw compressors at equivalent pressure and flow<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Reduced component wear<\/strong> and maintenance requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li>Common in <strong>printing<\/strong>, <strong>wood processing<\/strong>, and <strong>packaging<\/strong> industries<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Oil-free models<\/strong> available for energy and medical sectors<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Centrifugal (Dynamic) Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Centrifugal compressors<\/strong> draw air through paddle wheel movement, similar to automotive turbochargers. These machines serve applications requiring <strong>high flow rates<\/strong> and <strong>sustained pressure<\/strong> without interruption:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Flow rates up to <strong>500,000 m\u00b3\/h<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Pressures up to <strong>200 bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Integrated reducer for optimal engine speed regulation<\/li>\r\n    <li>Primary use in <strong>energy sector<\/strong> and <strong>chemical industry<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Oil-Free Compressors<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Oil-free compressors<\/strong> compress air without oil in the compression chamber, eliminating contamination risk and special filtration requirements. These models provide clean air essential for:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottling operations<\/strong> \u2014 product safety and quality<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Electronics industry<\/strong> \u2014 semiconductor production<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Pharmaceutical and chemical industries<\/strong> \u2014 contamination-free processes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Medical sector<\/strong> \u2014 sterile air requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Food processing<\/strong> \u2014 hygiene compliance<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automotive assembly<\/strong> \u2014 finishing operations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Oil-free compressors must satisfy <strong>ISO 8573-1 Class 0<\/strong> standard, guaranteeing total absence of oil. Higher classes define maximum permissible oil quantities, requiring additional <strong>air dryers<\/strong> for proper air quality.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Cooling Systems<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Air-Cooled Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Air-cooled compressors<\/strong> use forced ventilation containing approximately <strong>100% of consumed motor energy<\/strong> as heat within the compressor unit. These systems are widely available and simpler to install.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Water-Cooled Compressors<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Water-cooled compressors<\/strong> place modest demands on room ventilation, as cooling water absorbs approximately <strong>90% of motor energy<\/strong> as heat. Better cooling in intercoolers and aftercoolers increases efficiency and water vapor condensation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Three water cooling configurations exist:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">System Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Description<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Considerations<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Open without circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">External water source (municipal, lake, river, well); discharged as wastewater<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cheap installation; high operating costs; filtration required for natural sources<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Open with circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cooling tower; water cooled to 2\u00b0C below ambient by evaporation<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Limited water availability; requires chemical treatment; freeze protection needed<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Closed with circulation<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">External heat exchanger (plate or radiator with fans); same water circulates continuously<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Low maintenance; requires antifreeze (glycol); limited supervision needed<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Air Treatment Equipment<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Dryers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Atmospheric air contains water vapor that increases during compression heating. As compressed air expands and cools, saturated vapor transforms into <strong>condensate<\/strong> requiring separation. <strong>Dryers<\/strong> eliminate remaining water vapor that would compromise equipment function.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Refrigeration dryers<\/strong> exploit the relationship between temperature reduction and humidity condensation. Efficiency is expressed as <strong>Pressure Dew Point (PDP)<\/strong> \u2014 the condensation temperature at pressure above atmospheric. Limitation: cannot operate below <strong>0\u00b0C PDP<\/strong> (condensate would freeze).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Adsorption dryers<\/strong> use hygroscopic materials to absorb moisture, achieving dew points down to <strong>-70\u00b0C<\/strong>. Essential for:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>External piping installations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Environments below refrigeration dryer dew point<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Food and pharmaceutical<\/strong> critical applications<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Filtration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Atmospheric air entering compressors contains fine dust and impurities, plus oil particles from lubrication systems and water aerosols. <strong>Air purity classes<\/strong> are defined by <strong>ISO 8573-1:2010<\/strong>, specifying maximum contaminant content for each class.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Filter systems typically combine multiple elements:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Particle filters<\/strong> \u2014 remove solid contaminants<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>De-oiling filters<\/strong> \u2014 eliminate oil mists<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Coalescing filters<\/strong> \u2014 capture water and oil aerosols<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Activated carbon filters<\/strong> \u2014 remove vapors and odors<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sterile filters<\/strong> \u2014 eliminate microorganisms for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Condensate Drains<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Condensate<\/strong> contains emulsified oil particles, dust, and impurities requiring drainage from collection points. Three drain types exist:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Float drains<\/strong> \u2014 valve opens when liquid exceeds threshold, closes before air escapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Electronic drains<\/strong> \u2014 valve controlled by electronic level sensor<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Timed drains<\/strong> \u2014 solenoid valve opens at preset intervals with adjustable timing<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Environmental note:<\/em> Condensate discharge into sewers risks significant fines. As a compressed air waste product, condensate contains hydrocarbons, sulfur dioxide, copper, lead, iron, and other harmful substances.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressed Air Storage<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Compressed air tanks<\/strong> are typically constructed from carbon steel with external epoxy powder coating for corrosion resistance. Available in <strong>vertical<\/strong> (most common) or <strong>horizontal<\/strong> configurations, tanks must be sized according to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Compressor capacity<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Regulation system<\/strong> requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Expected consumption<\/strong> including peak demands<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Tanks maintain constant system pressure, compensating for consumption peaks exceeding compressor capacity. Installation should be near the compressor in a cool environment, allowing access to <strong>condensate drain<\/strong> and <strong>safety valve<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Safety Valves<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Safety valves<\/strong> prevent maximum permissible pressure from being exceeded, functioning even if upstream safety devices fail. Types include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Free exhaust<\/strong> \u2014 direct pressure release<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Conveyed exhaust<\/strong> \u2014 connectable to discharge piping<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>High-pressure specific<\/strong> \u2014 designed for elevated pressure systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Key sizing parameters: <strong>calibration pressure<\/strong> (opening threshold), <strong>discharge flow rate<\/strong>, and <strong>operating temperature<\/strong>. Conformity declaration accompanies all safety valves.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Compressor Room Requirements<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>compressor room<\/strong> houses most compressed air network components and must meet specific requirements for optimal performance. Centralized installation is generally preferable, ensuring:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Better <strong>operating economy<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Improved <strong>network design<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Easier <strong>use and maintenance<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Protection against <strong>unauthorized access<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Proper <strong>noise control<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Controlled <strong>ventilation<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Installation Considerations<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Essential compressor room specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Floor space<\/strong> \u2014 sufficient for current equipment plus future expansion<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Clear height<\/strong> \u2014 adequate for lifting electric motors or heavy components<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Floor drain<\/strong> \u2014 condensate management from compressor, aftercooler, reservoir, dryers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Load-bearing capacity<\/strong> \u2014 level floor supporting equipment weight<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lifting equipment<\/strong> \u2014 crane or forklift access for heavy components<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Anti-vibration<\/strong> \u2014 pads for centrifugal compressors transmitting vibrations<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Ventilation Requirements<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>All compressor room units produce heat requiring extraction through ventilation:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Air-cooled compressors<\/strong> \u2014 nearly 100% of motor energy appears as heat in ventilation air<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Water-cooled compressors<\/strong> \u2014 approximately 10% of motor energy in ventilation air<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Ventilation specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Air intake from outside, preferably without long ducts<\/li>\r\n    <li>Suction opening positioned low but protected from snow<\/li>\r\n    <li>Ventilation fans high on end wall, air inlet on opposite wall<\/li>\r\n    <li>Air velocity at inlet opening maximum <strong>4 m\/s<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Protection against explosive, corrosive dust and substances<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Heat recovery<\/strong> represents an efficient alternative to simple extraction, utilizing waste energy for facility heating.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Outdoor Installation<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>When indoor facilities are unavailable, compressors may be installed outdoors under canopy, addressing:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Freeze risk<\/strong> \u2014 condensate pockets and drains<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Weather protection<\/strong> \u2014 rain and snow at air inlet and ventilation openings<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Solid base<\/strong> \u2014 asphalt, concrete slab, or leveled cobblestone<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Contamination risk<\/strong> \u2014 dust, flammable, or aggressive substances<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Security<\/strong> \u2014 protection against unauthorized access<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","parent":0,"count":24,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":14279,"name":"ALMiG","slug":"almig-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":14279,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Flex 15  ","year":{"value":"2011","label":"2011"},"notes":"11 bar  ","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":198,"name":"Depalletizer","slug":"used-depalletizer","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":198,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>depalletizer<\/strong> is a machine designed to remove containers from full pallets and place them onto the bottling line for filling. These machines handle <strong>glass bottles<\/strong>, <strong>PET bottles<\/strong>, and <strong>cans<\/strong>, representing the starting point of the entire bottling process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The operation begins when an operator uses a forklift to load pallets of empty containers onto a <strong>roller conveyor<\/strong>, removing the <strong>thermo-shrink nylon wrapping<\/strong> that holds the package together. The pallet then feeds slowly into the machine through the roller system.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>How Depalletizers Work<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>depalletizing process<\/strong> removes containers one layer at a time through a systematic sequence:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n    <li><strong>Pallet immobilization<\/strong> \u2014 grippers secure all sides of the pallet to keep it stable<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Top cardboard removal<\/strong> \u2014 4-5 suction cups on mechanical arms lift the protective cover by vacuum<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Layer transfer<\/strong> \u2014 a push bar moves containers from each layer onto a steel plate<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Height adjustment<\/strong> \u2014 the filled plate rises to line level<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Discharge<\/strong> \u2014 containers push onto an accumulation surface<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Interlayer removal<\/strong> \u2014 plastic or paper dividers between layers are extracted and stored<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<p>From the accumulation surface, containers travel via <strong>conveyor belts<\/strong> to the first processing machine, typically a <strong>rinsing machine<\/strong> or <strong>filling monoblock<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Depalletizer Components<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>A complete <strong>depalletizer system<\/strong> includes several integrated elements:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Infeed roller conveyor<\/strong> \u2014 receives pallets from forklift<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Pallet grippers<\/strong> \u2014 secure pallet from all sides during unloading<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Suction cup arms<\/strong> \u2014 remove top cardboard covers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Push bar mechanism<\/strong> \u2014 transfers container layers to steel plate<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Elevating plate<\/strong> \u2014 adjusts height for line discharge<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Empty pallet magazine<\/strong> \u2014 stores pallets after unloading<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Interlayer magazine<\/strong> \u2014 collects plastic or paper dividers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Accumulation surface<\/strong> \u2014 buffers containers before line entry<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Pallet Configuration<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Pallets are organized in <strong>4, 5, 6 or more layers<\/strong> depending on container type and height, with each layer separated by <strong>plastic or paper interlayers<\/strong>. A <strong>cardboard cover<\/strong> protects the top layer and is removed first via suction cup system.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Container Format Management<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Different containers require specific machine settings based on their dimensions. The <strong>PLC control system<\/strong> stores preset programs for various container formats:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Container Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Common Sizes<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Cans<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">33 cl, 50 cl<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Bottles<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">250 ml, 375 ml, 500 ml, 660 ml, 750 ml, 1000 ml, 1500 ml, 2000 ml<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>The operator selects the corresponding <strong>format code<\/strong> in the PLC before operation, automatically adjusting machine parameters for the specific container height and configuration. This ensures proper layer detection, push bar positioning, and plate height adjustment for each container type.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":35,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":2958,"name":"Bortolin Kemo","slug":"bortolin-kemo-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2958,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":13,"filter":"raw"},"model":"F.C.T","year":{"value":"1994","label":"1994"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":200,"name":"Filling Machine","slug":"used-filling-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":200,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>filling machine<\/strong> transfers liquid products into containers such as bottles, cans, or cartons while preserving the <strong>physical and organoleptic properties<\/strong> of the product. Whether filling water, wine, beer, milk, oil, or juice, the machine must comply with all <strong>health and hygiene regulations<\/strong> while maintaining product integrity.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>During the filling process, the machine must avoid four critical issues:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Product contamination<\/strong> \u2014 no foreign substances entering the container<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Product oxidation<\/strong> \u2014 minimizing air contact, especially for wine and beer<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Quantity alteration<\/strong> \u2014 precise volume control for each container<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Quality alteration<\/strong> \u2014 preserving taste, aroma, and characteristics<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The time between filling and capping must be as short as possible \u2014 measured in <strong>seconds<\/strong> \u2014 during which nothing should contact the product.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Filling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Linear Filling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Linear fillers<\/strong> arrange filling valves in a straight line, suitable for lower to medium production speeds. These machines require <strong>less floor space<\/strong> and represent a <strong>lower investment<\/strong> compared to rotary systems.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Rotary Filling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Rotary fillers<\/strong> position filling valves on a rotating carousel, delivering <strong>higher hourly production<\/strong> for industrial bottling operations. The number of filling valves determines output capacity.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Filling Methods<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Different products require specific <strong>filling technologies<\/strong> based on their characteristics, carbonation level, viscosity, and preservation requirements:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Gravity Filling (Slight Depression)<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Gravity filling<\/strong> allows product to flow into bottles by gravitational force through a valve activated when the bottle reaches the filling station. Air escapes through a <strong>vent tube<\/strong>, and filling stops when liquid reaches the tube's lower end.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>After pre-evacuation, the filling valve opens and product flows gently without causing turbulence. <strong>Inert gas<\/strong> in the container returns to the tank during filling. When product level reaches the nozzle, filling stops automatically.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> <strong>still wine<\/strong>, <strong>liqueurs<\/strong>, spirits in glass bottles<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Vacuum (Depression) Filling<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>In <strong>vacuum filling<\/strong>, the filling nozzle seals the empty container and a <strong>vacuum pump<\/strong> removes internal air. The resulting vacuum pulls liquid into the bottle until reaching the predetermined level.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> <strong>wine and spirits<\/strong> \u2014 no aroma or alcohol content loss<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Volumetric Filling<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Volumetric filling<\/strong> precisely measures liquid volume using a <strong>magnetic flow meter<\/strong> on one filling valve. Electronics calculate the time required for the desired quantity, and all other valves operate pneumatically based on this reference timing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> products requiring <strong>precise volume control<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Isobaric (Counter-Pressure) Filling<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Isobaric filling machines<\/strong> maintain equal pressure between tank and bottle, essential for carbonated products. Benefits include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Optimized filling cycles<\/strong> reducing downtime<\/li>\r\n    <li>No degassing required at various production stages<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Zero oxygen increase<\/strong> in wine<\/li>\r\n    <li>Improved filling quality with reduced energy consumption<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> <strong>champagne<\/strong>, <strong>spumante<\/strong>, <strong>sparkling wines<\/strong>, <strong>carbonated drinks<\/strong>, still wines with overpressure<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Hot Filling<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Hot filling<\/strong> processes products at temperatures between <strong>80\u00b0C and 85\u00b0C<\/strong>, followed by <strong>nitrogen injection<\/strong> to prevent implosion during cooling. The product's heat sterilizes the container directly.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> products with <strong>7-10 day shelf life<\/strong> \u2014 <strong>tomato pur\u00e9e<\/strong>, <strong>fruit juices<\/strong> with high organic content, <strong>milk<\/strong>, <strong>cream<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Aseptic Filling<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Aseptic filling<\/strong> operates in a completely <strong>sterile, sealed environment<\/strong>. Food and packaging are sterilized separately and combined under aseptic conditions in a germ-free space.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><em>Ideal for:<\/em> <strong>sensitive products<\/strong> without natural protection against microorganism proliferation<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Filling Methods Comparison<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Method<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Principle<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Best Applications<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Gravity<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Gravitational flow with vent tube<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Still wine, liqueurs, spirits<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Vacuum<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Vacuum pump creates depression<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Wine, spirits (aroma preservation)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Volumetric<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Magnetic flow meter measurement<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Precise volume applications<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Isobaric<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Equal pressure tank\/bottle<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Carbonated drinks, sparkling wine<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Hot fill<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">80-85\u00b0C with nitrogen injection<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Juices, pur\u00e9es, dairy<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Aseptic<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Sterile sealed environment<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Sensitive products, long shelf life<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Filling Machine Construction<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>filler<\/strong> requires maximum attention given its critical role in product safety. Essential requirements include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Food-grade stainless steel<\/strong> construction throughout<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sanitizable design<\/strong> allowing complete cleaning access<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Food-safe spare parts<\/strong> \u2014 rubber seals, gaskets, and metal components<\/li>\r\n    <li>Variable number of <strong>filling valves or nozzles<\/strong> based on production requirements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Regular <strong>scheduled maintenance<\/strong> by competent technicians ensures high production standards and extended machine life.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Filling Monoblocks<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>A <strong>filling monoblock<\/strong> (or <strong>triblock<\/strong>) combines multiple machines into a single integrated unit. Standard configurations include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Rinser + Filler + Capper<\/strong> \u2014 most common triblock arrangement<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Filler + Capper<\/strong> \u2014 basic monoblock configuration<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Multiple capping systems<\/strong> \u2014 for different closure types<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>The monoblock handles three essential bottling functions: <strong>rinsing<\/strong>, <strong>filling<\/strong>, and <strong>capping<\/strong> in immediate sequence, minimizing the critical time between filling and closure.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Purchasing Used Filling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Used filling machines offer significant advantages for bottling operations, with potential savings of <strong>35% to 60%<\/strong> compared to new equipment. Key factors to evaluate before purchase:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Working hours<\/strong> \u2014 indicator of remaining service life<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Maintenance history<\/strong> \u2014 regular service by specialized technicians<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Overhaul status<\/strong> \u2014 mechanical and aesthetic condition<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Production requirements<\/strong> \u2014 matching machine capacity to actual needs<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Product compatibility<\/strong> \u2014 appropriate filling method for your application<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Common reasons for upgrading filling equipment include <strong>increased production demands<\/strong>, machine inefficiency causing stops or slowdowns, and difficulty reaching required daily production volumes.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":56,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1761,"name":"Bertolaso","slug":"bertolaso-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1761,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":72,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Ambra 24 ","year":{"value":"1995","label":"1995"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":187,"name":"Capping Machine","slug":"used-capping-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":187,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>capping machine<\/strong> mechanically applies closures to bottles immediately after the filling process. The machine works in conjunction with a <strong>cap elevator<\/strong> and <strong>hopper system<\/strong> that automatically picks caps from boxes, feeds them through a vibrator, and positions them correctly in descent channels for application onto bottle necks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The capping process follows a precise sequence: bottles travel from the conveyor belt to an <strong>auger<\/strong> that spaces and inserts them into a <strong>rotating star wheel<\/strong>. Each bottle positions on a plate directly beneath the capping head, where the closure is applied while rotating at high speed. An outgoing star wheel then returns bottles to the conveyor for downstream processing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Capping Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Linear Capping Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Linear cappers<\/strong> suit lower production speeds in the range of hundreds of bottles per hour. Key advantages include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Compact footprint<\/strong> \u2014 requires less floor space than rotary systems<\/li>\r\n    <li>Lower capital investment for <em>small to medium operations<\/em><\/li>\r\n    <li>Simplified format changeover procedures<\/li>\r\n    <li>Ideal for <strong>craft producers<\/strong> and specialty bottling<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Rotary Capping Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Rotary capping machines<\/strong> deliver higher production capacities for industrial bottling operations. These machines handle continuous high-speed processing with multiple capping heads operating simultaneously on a rotating carousel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Cap Types and Applications<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Automatic capping machines process a wide range of <strong>closure types<\/strong>, each suited to specific products and containers:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Screw Caps<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Aluminum screw caps<\/strong> \u2014 used on glass containers for water, oil, spirits, and beverages<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Plastic screw caps<\/strong> \u2014 applied to plastic containers and drink cartons<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>ROPP caps<\/strong> (Roll-On Pilfer-Proof) \u2014 tamper-evident closures for spirits and wine<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sports caps<\/strong> \u2014 specialized closures for energy drinks and sports beverages<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Cork Closures<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Straight cork<\/strong> \u2014 traditional closure for still wine, inserted flush with bottle neck<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Mushroom cork<\/strong> \u2014 used for sparkling wine, champagne, and spumante; protrudes from neck with <strong>wire cage<\/strong> (muselet) to contain internal pressure<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Synthetic cork<\/strong> \u2014 alternative closure offering consistent performance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Other Closure Types<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Crown caps<\/strong> \u2014 metal closures for beer and carbonated beverages<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Twist-off caps<\/strong> \u2014 convenient reclosable closures<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Pressure caps<\/strong> \u2014 designed for pressurized contents<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>T-caps<\/strong> \u2014 decorative closures for spirits and liqueurs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Product-Specific Capping Solutions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Closure selection depends on the <strong>bottled product<\/strong> and <strong>container type<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Product<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Common Closures<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Container<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Still wine<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Straight cork, ROPP, screw cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Sparkling wine \/ Champagne<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Mushroom cork with wire cage<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Spirits<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">ROPP, T-cap, mushroom cork<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Water \/ Soft drinks<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Plastic screw cap, sports cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PET bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Beer<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Crown cap, twist-off<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Oil<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Aluminum screw cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Children's beverages<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Sports cap, screw cap (25-33cl formats)<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PET bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Capping Machine Configuration<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Proper capping requires matching <strong>machine equipment<\/strong> to closure and bottle specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Capping heads<\/strong> \u2014 configured for specific closure diameter and type<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cork dimensions<\/strong> \u2014 must match bottle neck specifications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Star wheel format<\/strong> \u2014 sized for bottle diameter<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Descent channels<\/strong> \u2014 adjusted for cap dimensions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>For <strong>sparkling wine applications<\/strong>, capping machines include wire cage (muselet) application systems to secure mushroom corks against internal bottle pressure, preventing accidental cork ejection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Leading Capping Machine Manufacturers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The market features established brands known for reliability and performance:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Arol<\/strong> \u2014 comprehensive range of capping solutions<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Bertolaso<\/strong> \u2014 specialized in wine and spirits closures<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Zalkin<\/strong> \u2014 high-speed rotary capping systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Used capping machines from these manufacturers offer <strong>proven technology<\/strong> with available spare parts and service support. <strong>ROPP capping machines<\/strong> and <strong>mushroom cork cappers<\/strong> remain among the most sought-after equipment in the secondary market.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1761,"name":"Bertolaso","slug":"bertolaso-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1761,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":72,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Sigma ","year":{"value":"1995","label":"1995"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":187,"name":"Capping Machine","slug":"used-capping-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":187,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>capping machine<\/strong> mechanically applies closures to bottles immediately after the filling process. The machine works in conjunction with a <strong>cap elevator<\/strong> and <strong>hopper system<\/strong> that automatically picks caps from boxes, feeds them through a vibrator, and positions them correctly in descent channels for application onto bottle necks.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The capping process follows a precise sequence: bottles travel from the conveyor belt to an <strong>auger<\/strong> that spaces and inserts them into a <strong>rotating star wheel<\/strong>. Each bottle positions on a plate directly beneath the capping head, where the closure is applied while rotating at high speed. An outgoing star wheel then returns bottles to the conveyor for downstream processing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Capping Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Linear Capping Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Linear cappers<\/strong> suit lower production speeds in the range of hundreds of bottles per hour. Key advantages include:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Compact footprint<\/strong> \u2014 requires less floor space than rotary systems<\/li>\r\n    <li>Lower capital investment for <em>small to medium operations<\/em><\/li>\r\n    <li>Simplified format changeover procedures<\/li>\r\n    <li>Ideal for <strong>craft producers<\/strong> and specialty bottling<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Rotary Capping Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Rotary capping machines<\/strong> deliver higher production capacities for industrial bottling operations. These machines handle continuous high-speed processing with multiple capping heads operating simultaneously on a rotating carousel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Cap Types and Applications<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Automatic capping machines process a wide range of <strong>closure types<\/strong>, each suited to specific products and containers:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Screw Caps<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Aluminum screw caps<\/strong> \u2014 used on glass containers for water, oil, spirits, and beverages<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Plastic screw caps<\/strong> \u2014 applied to plastic containers and drink cartons<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>ROPP caps<\/strong> (Roll-On Pilfer-Proof) \u2014 tamper-evident closures for spirits and wine<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sports caps<\/strong> \u2014 specialized closures for energy drinks and sports beverages<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Cork Closures<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Straight cork<\/strong> \u2014 traditional closure for still wine, inserted flush with bottle neck<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Mushroom cork<\/strong> \u2014 used for sparkling wine, champagne, and spumante; protrudes from neck with <strong>wire cage<\/strong> (muselet) to contain internal pressure<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Synthetic cork<\/strong> \u2014 alternative closure offering consistent performance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Other Closure Types<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Crown caps<\/strong> \u2014 metal closures for beer and carbonated beverages<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Twist-off caps<\/strong> \u2014 convenient reclosable closures<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Pressure caps<\/strong> \u2014 designed for pressurized contents<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>T-caps<\/strong> \u2014 decorative closures for spirits and liqueurs<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Product-Specific Capping Solutions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Closure selection depends on the <strong>bottled product<\/strong> and <strong>container type<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Product<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Common Closures<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Container<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Still wine<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Straight cork, ROPP, screw cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Sparkling wine \/ Champagne<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Mushroom cork with wire cage<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Spirits<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">ROPP, T-cap, mushroom cork<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Water \/ Soft drinks<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Plastic screw cap, sports cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PET bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Beer<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Crown cap, twist-off<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Oil<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Aluminum screw cap<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Glass bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Children's beverages<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Sports cap, screw cap (25-33cl formats)<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PET bottle<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Capping Machine Configuration<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Proper capping requires matching <strong>machine equipment<\/strong> to closure and bottle specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Capping heads<\/strong> \u2014 configured for specific closure diameter and type<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cork dimensions<\/strong> \u2014 must match bottle neck specifications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Star wheel format<\/strong> \u2014 sized for bottle diameter<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Descent channels<\/strong> \u2014 adjusted for cap dimensions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>For <strong>sparkling wine applications<\/strong>, capping machines include wire cage (muselet) application systems to secure mushroom corks against internal bottle pressure, preventing accidental cork ejection.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Leading Capping Machine Manufacturers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The market features established brands known for reliability and performance:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Arol<\/strong> \u2014 comprehensive range of capping solutions<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Bertolaso<\/strong> \u2014 specialized in wine and spirits closures<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Zalkin<\/strong> \u2014 high-speed rotary capping systems<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Used capping machines from these manufacturers offer <strong>proven technology<\/strong> with available spare parts and service support. <strong>ROPP capping machines<\/strong> and <strong>mushroom cork cappers<\/strong> remain among the most sought-after equipment in the secondary market.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":79,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":10341,"name":"SIEM","slug":"siem-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":10341,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":4,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Ta77","year":{"value":"2007","label":"2007"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":1210,"name":"Capsuling machine","slug":"used-capsuling-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1210,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>capsuling machine<\/strong> applies protective capsules over bottle closures, providing a secondary seal that protects corks from external factors such as <strong>humidity<\/strong>, <strong>drought<\/strong>, and <strong>insects<\/strong>. This protection is essential for wines requiring long-term storage, ensuring <strong>organoleptic properties<\/strong> remain unaltered throughout the aging process.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>The capsule acts as a <strong>secondary closure<\/strong>, sealing the cork against environmental damage. <strong>Capsuling machines<\/strong> operate at high speed immediately after the capping process, applying and sealing capsules in a continuous production flow.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>How Capsuling Machines Work<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>capsuling process<\/strong> begins as bottles exit the capping machine via conveyor belt. The operating sequence includes:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n    <li><strong>Capsule feeding<\/strong> \u2014 a loader retrieves capsules from an integrated magazine<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Positioning<\/strong> \u2014 the bottle centers beneath the capsuling head<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Application<\/strong> \u2014 compressed air grafts the capsule onto the bottle cap, covering the closure ring and part of the neck<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sealing<\/strong> \u2014 the bottle passes under a <strong>thermal head<\/strong> that heats the capsule for perfect adhesion<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>capsule magazine<\/strong> consists of an external plate with multiple channels for loading rows of capsules. Optional <strong>extended magazines<\/strong> provide longer autonomy for high-volume production runs.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Capsuling Machine Applications<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Capsuling machines<\/strong> are primarily used in <strong>wine bottling<\/strong>, though applications extend to other products:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Still wine<\/strong> \u2014 standard capsule formats with straight cork closures<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Sparkling wine<\/strong> \u2014 larger capsules (<em>capsuloni<\/em>) sometimes enclosed by wire cages to contain pressure<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Spirits and liqueurs<\/strong> \u2014 premium presentation with decorative capsules<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Beer<\/strong> \u2014 specialty craft applications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Extra virgin olive oil<\/strong> \u2014 tamper-evident protection<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Capsule materials and shapes vary according to <strong>product type<\/strong> and <strong>closure format<\/strong>, requiring specific machine configurations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Capsuling Heads<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Capsuling machines<\/strong> differ primarily in the type and number of heads. Production speed increases with head count, ranging from <strong>single-head units<\/strong> for small operations to configurations with <strong>20+ heads<\/strong> for industrial volumes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Three main head types handle different capsule materials:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Head Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Capsule Materials<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Snare head<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Polylaminate, lead, tin, aluminum<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Still wine, spirits<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Pneumatic head<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Sparkling wine capsules (<em>capsuloni<\/em>)<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Champagne, spumante, prosecco<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Thermal head<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PVC heat-shrink capsules<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Wine, oil, beverages<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Machine Configuration Options<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Capsuling machines<\/strong> vary according to several technical parameters:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Number of heads<\/strong> \u2014 determines production speed (1 to 20+ heads)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Coupling type<\/strong> \u2014 mechanical or pneumatic systems<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Centering system<\/strong> \u2014 precision level for capsule positioning on bottle<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cork compatibility<\/strong> \u2014 configurations for straight cork or mushroom cork applications<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Magazine capacity<\/strong> \u2014 standard or extended autonomy options<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Proper machine selection depends on <strong>capsule material<\/strong>, <strong>closure type<\/strong>, <strong>bottle format<\/strong>, and required <strong>production throughput<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Leading Capsuling Machine Manufacturers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The market features specialized manufacturers with proven expertise in capsule application technology:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Robino & Galandrino<\/strong> \u2014 comprehensive capsuling solutions for wine industry<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Nortan<\/strong> \u2014 high-speed capsuling systems<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>GAI<\/strong> \u2014 integrated bottling and capsuling equipment<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Used capsuling machines from these brands offer <strong>reliable performance<\/strong> with available spare parts and technical support for wine, spirits, and specialty beverage applications.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":56,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1852,"name":"Enos","slug":"enos-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1852,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":19,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"2002","label":"2002"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":204,"name":"Labeling Machine","slug":"used-labeling-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":204,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>labeling machine<\/strong> applies labels to containers with accuracy and consistency, ensuring products meet both <strong>aesthetic and regulatory standards<\/strong>. These machines handle various container types including <strong>glass<\/strong>, <strong>plastic<\/strong>, and <strong>metal<\/strong> in cylindrical, oval, rectangular, or irregular shapes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Labeling machines are positioned after the filling process. Bottles enter and rest on support plates while heads lower to keep them stable, allowing one or more labels to adhere perfectly to the body or neck.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Labeling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Linear vs. Rotary Configuration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Machine configuration depends on <strong>production speed<\/strong> and available <strong>floor space<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Speed Range<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Best Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Linear<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Low to medium volumes<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Compact footprint requirements<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Rotary<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to <strong>100,000+ BPH<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">High-speed industrial production<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Technologies<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Self-Adhesive Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Self-adhesive labelers<\/strong> represent the most common and versatile technology, suitable for different container types and shapes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Labels mounted on a <strong>reel<\/strong> with special adhesive backing<\/li>\r\n    <li>Reel installed on a <strong>dispensing unit<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels release at the precise point of bottle passage<\/li>\r\n    <li>Adhesive separates easily from paper support<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Medium-high speed<\/strong> production capability<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Minimal format conversion<\/strong> and maintenance<\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels containers of <strong>any size, material, and shape<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Multiple label groups<\/strong> can apply different labels to the same container<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Hot Glue Roll-Fed Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Roll-fed labelers<\/strong> are widely used for <strong>cylindrical PET bottle<\/strong> packaging, offering high productivity and cost-effectiveness.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Continuous <strong>plastic film<\/strong> with printed labels<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automatic cutting mechanism<\/strong> separates labels precisely<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Hot glue<\/strong> applied to label backs<\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels <strong>wrap around<\/strong> the bottle<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production speeds up to <strong>100,000 applications per hour<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>High performance with multiple materials: <strong>OPP, PET, PVC, OPS, paper<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>360\u00b0 coverage<\/strong> on cylindrical or rectangular containers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Vacuum drum system<\/strong> transfers labels without grippers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automatic reel joining<\/strong> enables continuous operation<\/li>\r\n    <li>Compatible with <strong>ultralight containers<\/strong> and thinnest labels (\"green packaging\")<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Considerations:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Requires more <strong>cleaning and maintenance<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Not suitable for <strong>non-cylindrical geometries<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Longer <strong>format change times<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Hot Glue Pre-Cut Label Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Pre-cut label machines<\/strong> use hot glue to apply paper or plastic labels from a storage magazine rather than continuous reels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Pre-cut labels<\/strong> placed in dedicated storage<\/li>\r\n    <li>Glue maintained at <strong>constant temperature<\/strong> for optimal adhesion<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Independent glue groups<\/strong> \u2014 one for container dispensing, one for label overlap<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Synchronized steel roller<\/strong> distributes glue<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Excess glue collection tank<\/strong> included<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production speeds from <strong>130 to 1,200 BPM<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Suitable for <strong>cylindrical and shaped containers<\/strong> with straight vertical surfaces<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Mixed labeling<\/strong> capability at same production speed<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Cold Glue Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Cold glue labelers<\/strong> use pre-cut labels inserted in dispensers with storage magazines. Glue is taken from a tank and applied directly to labels before container application.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Economical solution<\/strong> for low to medium volumes<\/li>\r\n    <li>Suitable for <strong>rectangular or square<\/strong> containers<\/li>\r\n    <li>Works with <strong>metal, cardboard, PET, PVC<\/strong> materials<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sleeve Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Sleeve labels<\/strong> (shrink or heat-shrink) represent advanced labeling technology increasingly popular in beverage and food industries. These labels narrow around products, adapting to container shape and utilizing the <strong>entire surface<\/strong> for marketing and information.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Sleeve Types<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Description<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Stretch Sleeve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Elasticized cylindrical tubular film; pre-cut labels detached from lower tab<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cylindrical containers; bulk packaging for product grouping<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Shrink Sleeve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Heat-shrinkable film; shrinks at ~100\u00b0C via steam<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Complex shapes; 360\u00b0 decoration; 10-color printing<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Sleeve label advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>No adhesive glue<\/strong> required \u2014 shrinks by heat<\/li>\r\n    <li>Works on <strong>any container type<\/strong>: plastic, glass, metal<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Full-body or partial<\/strong> application (including cap-only for tamper evidence)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>360\u00b0 decoration<\/strong> on complex shapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Barrier protection<\/strong> against light, abrasions, perforations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Film thickness <strong>30-70 microns<\/strong> (materials: PVC, PET-G, PP, PLA, OPS, PE)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>25% higher cost<\/strong> than traditional labels but potential <strong>150%+ ROI<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Process Steps<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Automatic labeling follows a precise sequence:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottle feeding and positioning<\/strong> \u2014 conveyor belt with mechanical guides or optical sensors ensures correct spacing<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottle detection<\/strong> \u2014 optical or mechanical sensors synchronize label release with bottle movement<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Label dispensing and application<\/strong> \u2014 labels applied via rollers or pressure applicators<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Securing and finishing<\/strong> \u2014 additional rollers or heat systems (for sleeves) eliminate air bubbles<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Quality control<\/strong> \u2014 sensors verify correct position and detect defects; irregular bottles automatically rejected<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Output<\/strong> \u2014 labeled bottles proceed to packaging or palletizing<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<h2>Label Application Positions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Labeling machines can apply labels in various positions:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Front label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Back label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Side labels<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Neck label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Wrap-around<\/strong> (full circumference)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cap sleeve<\/strong> (tamper-evident)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Machine Benefits<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Versatility<\/strong> \u2014 handles glass, plastic, metal containers in various shapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>High productivity<\/strong> \u2014 thousands of bottles per hour with continuous flow<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Precision<\/strong> \u2014 consistent, error-free application via advanced sensors<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower operating costs<\/strong> \u2014 automation reduces labor requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Flexible configuration<\/strong> \u2014 programmable label positions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Purchasing Used Labeling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Used labeling machines offer savings of <strong>35% to 60%<\/strong> compared to new equipment. Key evaluation factors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Container type<\/strong> \u2014 glass, PET, metal compatibility<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Container shape<\/strong> \u2014 cylin","parent":0,"count":161,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":2224,"name":"P.E. Labellers","slug":"p-e-labellers-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":2224,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":48,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Modular Plus 450-5-4P-0-2","year":{"value":"2014","label":"2014"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":204,"name":"Labeling Machine","slug":"used-labeling-machine","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":204,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>labeling machine<\/strong> applies labels to containers with accuracy and consistency, ensuring products meet both <strong>aesthetic and regulatory standards<\/strong>. These machines handle various container types including <strong>glass<\/strong>, <strong>plastic<\/strong>, and <strong>metal<\/strong> in cylindrical, oval, rectangular, or irregular shapes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Labeling machines are positioned after the filling process. Bottles enter and rest on support plates while heads lower to keep them stable, allowing one or more labels to adhere perfectly to the body or neck.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Labeling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Linear vs. Rotary Configuration<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Machine configuration depends on <strong>production speed<\/strong> and available <strong>floor space<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Speed Range<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Best Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Linear<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Low to medium volumes<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Compact footprint requirements<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Rotary<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to <strong>100,000+ BPH<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">High-speed industrial production<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Technologies<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<h3>Self-Adhesive Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Self-adhesive labelers<\/strong> represent the most common and versatile technology, suitable for different container types and shapes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Labels mounted on a <strong>reel<\/strong> with special adhesive backing<\/li>\r\n    <li>Reel installed on a <strong>dispensing unit<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels release at the precise point of bottle passage<\/li>\r\n    <li>Adhesive separates easily from paper support<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Medium-high speed<\/strong> production capability<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Minimal format conversion<\/strong> and maintenance<\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels containers of <strong>any size, material, and shape<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Multiple label groups<\/strong> can apply different labels to the same container<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Hot Glue Roll-Fed Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Roll-fed labelers<\/strong> are widely used for <strong>cylindrical PET bottle<\/strong> packaging, offering high productivity and cost-effectiveness.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Continuous <strong>plastic film<\/strong> with printed labels<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automatic cutting mechanism<\/strong> separates labels precisely<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Hot glue<\/strong> applied to label backs<\/li>\r\n    <li>Labels <strong>wrap around<\/strong> the bottle<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production speeds up to <strong>100,000 applications per hour<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>High performance with multiple materials: <strong>OPP, PET, PVC, OPS, paper<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>360\u00b0 coverage<\/strong> on cylindrical or rectangular containers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Vacuum drum system<\/strong> transfers labels without grippers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Automatic reel joining<\/strong> enables continuous operation<\/li>\r\n    <li>Compatible with <strong>ultralight containers<\/strong> and thinnest labels (\"green packaging\")<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Considerations:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Requires more <strong>cleaning and maintenance<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Not suitable for <strong>non-cylindrical geometries<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Longer <strong>format change times<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Hot Glue Pre-Cut Label Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Pre-cut label machines<\/strong> use hot glue to apply paper or plastic labels from a storage magazine rather than continuous reels.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Operating principle:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Pre-cut labels<\/strong> placed in dedicated storage<\/li>\r\n    <li>Glue maintained at <strong>constant temperature<\/strong> for optimal adhesion<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Independent glue groups<\/strong> \u2014 one for container dispensing, one for label overlap<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Synchronized steel roller<\/strong> distributes glue<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Excess glue collection tank<\/strong> included<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Specifications:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production speeds from <strong>130 to 1,200 BPM<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Suitable for <strong>cylindrical and shaped containers<\/strong> with straight vertical surfaces<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Mixed labeling<\/strong> capability at same production speed<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Cold Glue Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Cold glue labelers<\/strong> use pre-cut labels inserted in dispensers with storage magazines. Glue is taken from a tank and applied directly to labels before container application.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Economical solution<\/strong> for low to medium volumes<\/li>\r\n    <li>Suitable for <strong>rectangular or square<\/strong> containers<\/li>\r\n    <li>Works with <strong>metal, cardboard, PET, PVC<\/strong> materials<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Sleeve Labeling Machines<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Sleeve labels<\/strong> (shrink or heat-shrink) represent advanced labeling technology increasingly popular in beverage and food industries. These labels narrow around products, adapting to container shape and utilizing the <strong>entire surface<\/strong> for marketing and information.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h4>Sleeve Types<\/h4>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Description<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Stretch Sleeve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Elasticized cylindrical tubular film; pre-cut labels detached from lower tab<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Cylindrical containers; bulk packaging for product grouping<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Shrink Sleeve<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Heat-shrinkable film; shrinks at ~100\u00b0C via steam<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Complex shapes; 360\u00b0 decoration; 10-color printing<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Sleeve label advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>No adhesive glue<\/strong> required \u2014 shrinks by heat<\/li>\r\n    <li>Works on <strong>any container type<\/strong>: plastic, glass, metal<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Full-body or partial<\/strong> application (including cap-only for tamper evidence)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>360\u00b0 decoration<\/strong> on complex shapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Barrier protection<\/strong> against light, abrasions, perforations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Film thickness <strong>30-70 microns<\/strong> (materials: PVC, PET-G, PP, PLA, OPS, PE)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>25% higher cost<\/strong> than traditional labels but potential <strong>150%+ ROI<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Process Steps<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Automatic labeling follows a precise sequence:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottle feeding and positioning<\/strong> \u2014 conveyor belt with mechanical guides or optical sensors ensures correct spacing<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Bottle detection<\/strong> \u2014 optical or mechanical sensors synchronize label release with bottle movement<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Label dispensing and application<\/strong> \u2014 labels applied via rollers or pressure applicators<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Securing and finishing<\/strong> \u2014 additional rollers or heat systems (for sleeves) eliminate air bubbles<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Quality control<\/strong> \u2014 sensors verify correct position and detect defects; irregular bottles automatically rejected<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Output<\/strong> \u2014 labeled bottles proceed to packaging or palletizing<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<h2>Label Application Positions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Labeling machines can apply labels in various positions:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Front label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Back label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Side labels<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Neck label<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Wrap-around<\/strong> (full circumference)<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Cap sleeve<\/strong> (tamper-evident)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Labeling Machine Benefits<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Versatility<\/strong> \u2014 handles glass, plastic, metal containers in various shapes<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>High productivity<\/strong> \u2014 thousands of bottles per hour with continuous flow<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Precision<\/strong> \u2014 consistent, error-free application via advanced sensors<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower operating costs<\/strong> \u2014 automation reduces labor requirements<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Flexible configuration<\/strong> \u2014 programmable label positions<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Purchasing Used Labeling Machines<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Used labeling machines offer savings of <strong>35% to 60%<\/strong> compared to new equipment. Key evaluation factors:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Container type<\/strong> \u2014 glass, PET, metal compatibility<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Container shape<\/strong> \u2014 cylin","parent":0,"count":161,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1786,"name":"BRB Globus","slug":"brb-globus-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1786,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":5,"filter":"raw"},"model":"Mega-s ","year":{"value":"1999","label":"1999"},"notes":"Pegamento fr\u00edo","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":189,"name":"Case Erector","slug":"case-erector","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":189,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"","parent":0,"count":21,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":5580,"name":"BORTOLIN","slug":"bortolin-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5580,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"1994","label":"1994"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":191,"name":"Case Packer","slug":"case-packer","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":191,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"","parent":0,"count":24,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":5580,"name":"BORTOLIN","slug":"bortolin-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":5580,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"1994","label":"1994"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":192,"name":"Case Sealer","slug":"case-sealer","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":192,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"","parent":0,"count":15,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":14280,"name":"Sistema SOCO","slug":"sistema-soco","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":14280,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"1998","label":"1998"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":206,"name":"Palletizer","slug":"used-palletizer","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":206,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>palletizer<\/strong> is a machine that automatically sorts, transfers, stacks, and secures packaged goods onto pallets, providing fast automated preparation of products for shipping. Positioned at the end of production lines, palletizers replace manual labor with <strong>precision<\/strong> and <strong>speed<\/strong> that only mechanized and computerized systems can deliver.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Palletizing equipment handles products at <strong>high-level<\/strong> or <strong>floor-level<\/strong> elevations using <strong>conventional<\/strong> or <strong>robotic<\/strong> systems, accommodating various product types including cases, crates, trays, bundles, and bags.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Types of Palletizers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Three main categories of palletizers exist, each with distinct operating principles and advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Robotic Palletizers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Robotic palletizers<\/strong> use a <strong>hydraulic robotic arm<\/strong> to pick products from conveyor lines and place them onto pallets in organized patterns. These systems offer maximum flexibility for diverse applications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Smaller footprint<\/strong> than conventional palletizers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Flexibility<\/strong> in handling different product types and stacking patterns<\/li>\r\n    <li>Capability to <strong>service multiple production lines<\/strong> and pallets simultaneously<\/li>\r\n    <li>Lift capacity up to <strong>1,000 kg<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Potential for <strong>mixed load handling<\/strong> on single pallets<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>End-of-arm tools<\/strong> (end effectors) adaptable to various configurations and packaging types<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Considerations:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Generally <strong>higher cost<\/strong> than conventional systems<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower speed<\/strong> compared to high-level conventional palletizers<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Low-Level Palletizers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Low-level palletizers<\/strong> load products from <strong>ground level<\/strong> (0.76\u20130.91 m operating height), using conveyors to transfer and sort items onto pallets continuously.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Lower cost<\/strong> than robotic systems \u2014 less complex construction<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Easier maintenance<\/strong> and operation<\/li>\r\n    <li>Capacity up to <strong>15 cases\/minute<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Creates <strong>compact, stable pallets<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Handles cases, bags, crates, bundles<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>High-Level Palletizers<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>High-level palletizers<\/strong> load products from elevated positions (2.13\u20133.15 m), offering the highest throughput for demanding production environments.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Capacity up to <strong>200 cases\/minute<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Fastest palletizing method<\/strong> for high-volume operations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Creates <strong>very compact pallets<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Handles cases, bags, crates, bundles, trays<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Palletizer Comparison<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Type<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Speed<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Best Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Robotic<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Variable (flexibility priority)<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Multiple lines; mixed loads; limited space<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Low-level<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 15 cases\/min<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Medium volume; cost-sensitive operations<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>High-level<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 200 cases\/min<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">High-volume production; maximum throughput<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Mixed Case Palletizing<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Mixed case palletizing<\/strong> addresses the challenge of stacking boxes of varying sizes efficiently on minimal pallets \u2014 a practical application of the <strong>three-dimensional bin packing problem<\/strong>. This technique optimizes space utilization in logistics operations.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Modern developments include <strong>Deep Reinforcement Learning<\/strong> systems that train robotic agents to determine optimal box placements through simulated palletizing scenarios, with some models successfully deployed in real-world environments.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Palletizer Technology Evolution<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>Palletizing technology has evolved significantly since the first mechanized palletizer was developed by <strong>Lamson Corp. in 1948<\/strong>:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>1950s<\/strong> \u2014 Row formation palletizers introduced; loads organized in dedicated areas before layer transfer<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>1970s<\/strong> \u2014 Inline palletizers developed for faster speeds using continuous flow dividers<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>1980s<\/strong> \u2014 Robotic palletizers with end-of-arm tools (end effectors) for flexible product handling<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Recent years<\/strong> \u2014 Enhanced end effectors adapting to various configurations and packaging types<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Leading Palletizer Manufacturers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>The market features established brands with proven reliability:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Manufacturer<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Specialization<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Krones<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Complete bottling solutions (founded 1951, Germany)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>ACMI<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Bottling and packaging systems (35+ years experience)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Sipa<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">PET bottling and palletizing (30+ years experience)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Zecchetti<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Turnkey conveying and palletizing systems (60 years)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>AVE Technologies<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">International presence in 60 countries (60+ years)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>EMS Logik<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Palletizing and depalletizing systems (Italy)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>ABM Automazioni<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Robotic machines and custom solutions (founded 2006)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Cosmapack<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Packaging machines across diverse sectors (40+ years)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Mondo & Scaglione<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Wine industry packaging expertise (50+ years)<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<p>Used palletizers from these manufacturers offer <strong>proven technology<\/strong> with available spare parts and service support worldwide.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":44,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1816,"name":"Cosmapack","slug":"cosmapack-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1816,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"2002","label":"2002"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""},{"machine_type":{"term_id":211,"name":"Pallet Wrapper","slug":"used-pallet-wrapper","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":211,"taxonomy":"machine_types","description":"<p>A <strong>pallet wrapper<\/strong> assembles, stabilizes, and protects loads of various sizes using <strong>stretch film<\/strong>, guaranteeing safe transport. Wrapping represents the final phase of the production process and the first essential step in the <strong>logistics chain<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Pallet wrappers are available in <strong>automatic<\/strong> and <strong>semi-automatic<\/strong> configurations with three main solutions: <strong>rotating table<\/strong>, <strong>rotating arm<\/strong>, and <strong>rotating ring<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Automatic Pallet Wrappers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Automatic wrapping machines<\/strong> transport pallets via roller or chain conveyors without operator intervention. When the pallet reaches the correct position, the machine executes the selected wrapping cycle according to preset parameters and automatically conveys the pallet to the outfeed section upon completion.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Perimeter safety guards<\/strong> are required by law to prevent access during cycle operation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h3>Automatic Rotating Table<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>rotating table wrapper<\/strong> features a rotating platform equipped with transport systems (roller conveyor or chain) and automatic function devices including <strong>film gripper and cutting<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production capacity: <strong>20 to 55 pallets\/hour<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Minimum footprint<\/strong> \u2014 smallest floor space requirement<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Ease of operation<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Low maintenance<\/strong> requirements<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Automatic Rotating Arm<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>rotating arm wrapper<\/strong> keeps the pallet stationary while the arm rotates around it, making it particularly suitable for <strong>unstable loads<\/strong> at risk of falling during rotation.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production capacity: <strong>55 to 100 pallets\/hour<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Ideal for <strong>unstable or heavy pallets<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li>Pallet remains <strong>stationary<\/strong> during wrapping<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h3>Automatic Rotating Ring<\/h3>\r\n\r\n<p>The <strong>rotating ring wrapper<\/strong> delivers the highest production rates with technical characteristics satisfying specific requirements for wrapping cycles and plant layout.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Characteristics:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Production capacity: up to <strong>160 pallets\/hour<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Maximum throughput<\/strong> for high-volume operations<\/li>\r\n    <li>Customizable <strong>wrapping cycles<\/strong> and <strong>layout integration<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Semi-Automatic Pallet Wrappers<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Semi-automatic wrappers<\/strong> suit operations requiring moderate productivity with operator supervision. These machines offer <strong>versatile use<\/strong> across various operating conditions.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p>Available configurations:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li><strong>Rotating table<\/strong> \u2014 pallet rotates on platform<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Rotating arm<\/strong> \u2014 arm rotates around stationary pallet<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Self-propelled robots<\/strong> \u2014 mobile units rotating around pallets<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<h2>Wrapper Configuration Comparison<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; border: 1px solid #333; margin: 20px 0;\">\r\n    <thead>\r\n        <tr style=\"background-color: #f5f5f5;\">\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Configuration<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Capacity<\/th>\r\n            <th style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px; text-align: left;\">Best Application<\/th>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/thead>\r\n    <tbody>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Rotating Table<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">20\u201355 pallets\/hour<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Limited space; stable loads; low maintenance priority<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Rotating Arm<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">55\u2013100 pallets\/hour<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Unstable or heavy pallets; medium-high volume<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n        <tr>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\"><strong>Rotating Ring<\/strong><\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">Up to 160 pallets\/hour<\/td>\r\n            <td style=\"border: 1px solid #333; padding: 10px;\">High-volume production; custom cycle requirements<\/td>\r\n        <\/tr>\r\n    <\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n\r\n<h2>Pre-Stretch System<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<p>All automatic and semi-automatic wrappers are equipped with a <strong>reel holder trolley<\/strong> featuring a motorized <strong>film pre-stretch system<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong>Pre-stretch<\/strong> elongates the film to create elasticity, with the resulting elastic force keeping pallet goods compact. The system offers significant advantages:<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n    <li>Pre-stretch percentage adjustable from <strong>0% to 450%<\/strong> depending on film characteristics<\/li>\r\n    <li>Adjustment via <strong>gear replacement<\/strong> or <strong>inverter control<\/strong> from electrical panel<\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Motor speed variation<\/strong> on carriage controls stretch ratio<\/li>\r\n    <li>Significant <strong>film consumption reduction<\/strong><\/li>\r\n    <li><strong>Different pre-stretch values<\/strong> programmable for each cycle phase<\/li>\r\n    <li>Maximized <strong>load stability<\/strong> performance<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n<p>Optimal pre-stretch settings maximize film characteristics while ensuring <strong>palletized load stability<\/strong> throughout the logistics chain.<\/p>","parent":0,"count":21,"filter":"raw"},"manufacturer":{"term_id":1816,"name":"Cosmapack","slug":"cosmapack-es","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":1816,"taxonomy":"manufacturer","description":"","parent":0,"count":3,"filter":"raw"},"model":"","year":{"value":"2002","label":"2002"},"notes":"","machine_type_as_text":""}],"fill_type":{"value":"9","label":"Bajo vac\u00edo"},"isobaric":false,"custom_speed_and_unit":{"custom_speed":"","unit":""},"trans_ok":true,"dropbox_photos":"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/scl\/fo\/x4d6q634jpvwuhihxg4om\/AFJPGfpnFYFu0BTKZZy-GH4?rlkey=hmqa8lcq7wg88zrg0ijbfziqm&st=ttmo9hli&dl=0","description":"<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col flex-grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 whitespace-normal break-words [.text-message+&#038;]:mt-5\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"389daa80-ec19-4884-97d1-d5cd66e356f0\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[3px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose w-full break-words dark:prose-invert light\">\n<h2>L\u00ednea de embotellado usada BERTOLASO para vino tranquilo y bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas 4000 bph 0.75L<\/h2>\n<p>La l\u00ednea de embotellado de segunda mano de BERTOLASO para vinos tranquilos y bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas funciona a diferentes velocidades en funci\u00f3n del tama\u00f1o de la botella. En primer lugar, la m\u00e1quina llena botellas de 0,75 L a una velocidad m\u00e1xima de 4000 botellas por hora (BPH). Adem\u00e1s, procesa botellas de 1,5 L a 3000 BPH. Adem\u00e1s, para las botellas de 0,50 L, alcanza los 5000 BPH, y para el formato de 0,25 L, alcanza los 8000 BPH. Como resultado, esta flexibilidad permite que la m\u00e1quina se adapte a diversas necesidades de producci\u00f3n.    <\/p>\n<h3>Caracter\u00edsticas t\u00e9cnicas de los envases y del llenado<\/h3>\n<p>La l\u00ednea llena envases de vidrio de m\u00faltiples tama\u00f1os utilizando el m\u00e9todo de llenado al bajo vac\u00edo. En particular, este m\u00e9todo garantiza una manipulaci\u00f3n delicada de productos como el vino sin gas y las bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas al minimizar la exposici\u00f3n al ox\u00edgeno durante el embotellado. En consecuencia, reduce la oxidaci\u00f3n del producto y preserva las cualidades organol\u00e9pticas de los l\u00edquidos. Adem\u00e1s, este m\u00e9todo garantiza una conservaci\u00f3n de alta calidad, lo que lo convierte en una opci\u00f3n ideal para los productores.   <\/p>\n<h3>Detalles del compresor<\/h3>\n<p>A continuaci\u00f3n, dos compresores garantizan un suministro constante de aire comprimido. El compresor Abac VT 1510, fabricado en 1999, funciona a 10 bar. Adem\u00e1s, el compresor ALMiG Flex 15, construido en 2011, proporciona 11 bar de presi\u00f3n. Juntos, estos compresores mantienen un funcionamiento eficiente y fiable de la planta, garantizando as\u00ed una producci\u00f3n ininterrumpida.   <\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1quinas de manipulaci\u00f3n y llenado<\/h3>\n<p>A partir de ahora, el despaletizador Bortolin Kemo F.C.T., fabricado en 1994, mueve autom\u00e1ticamente las botellas vac\u00edas. Por su parte, la llenadora Cobert Ambra 24 de 1995 garantiza un llenado preciso y fiable. Para el taponado, la l\u00ednea utiliza dos m\u00e1quinas: la Bertolaso Sigma de 1995 y la SIEM Ta77 de 2007, que proporcionan compatibilidad con varios tipos de tapones. De esta manera, el sistema mantiene la versatilidad.   <\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e1quinas de apoyo adicionales<\/h3>\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, la l\u00ednea incluye una encapsuladora Enos de 2002. Del mismo modo, tambi\u00e9n utiliza dos etiquetadoras: la P.E. Labellers Modular Plus 450-5-4P-0-2 de 2014 y la BRB Globus Mega-s de 1999, que aplica etiquetas con cola fr\u00eda. Posteriormente, la formadora de cajas Bortolin de 1994 forma las cajas, mientras que la encajadora Bortolin, tambi\u00e9n de 1994, las empaqueta. Por \u00faltimo, la selladora de cajas SOCO System de 1998 sella las cajas. Al final del proceso, el paletizador y la envolvedora de palets Cosmapack de 2002 se encargan de los procedimientos de paletizado y enfardado.    <\/p>\n<h3>Conclusi\u00f3n de la L\u00ednea de Embotellado Usada BERTOLASO para vino tranquilo y bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas 4000 bph 0.75L<\/h3>\n<p>En resumen, esta l\u00ednea de embotellado de segunda mano ofrece a los productores de vino tranquilo y bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas una producci\u00f3n flexible y fiable. Debido a su capacidad para trabajar a diferentes velocidades y manejar m\u00faltiples formatos, la l\u00ednea de embotellado usada BERTOLASO para vino tranquilo y bebidas alcoh\u00f3licas 4000 bph 0.75L proporciona una soluci\u00f3n vers\u00e1til para diversas necesidades de productos. Por lo tanto, se destaca como un sistema ideal para cumplir con diversos objetivos de producci\u00f3n.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mb-2 flex gap-3 empty:hidden -ml-2\">\n<div class=\"items-center justify-start rounded-xl p-1 flex\">\n<div class=\"flex items-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","pdf_url":"https:\/\/www.usedbottlinglines.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/ubl-mpdf\/Machine-PDFs\/LC505-es.pdf"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/machines\/753083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/machines"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/machines"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/machines\/753083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":753086,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/machines\/753083\/revisions\/753086"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=753083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"container","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/container?post=753083"},{"taxonomy":"format","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/format?post=753083"},{"taxonomy":"machine_types","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/machine_types?post=753083"},{"taxonomy":"manufacturer","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/manufacturer?post=753083"},{"taxonomy":"type_of_product","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ubl.solture.it\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_of_product?post=753083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}